Chronic Pain

Foreword; 1 Description of the Disorder; 1.1 Definitions; 1.2 Terminology; 1.2.1 Classification of Pain; 1.3 Epidemiology; 1.3.1 Prevalence of Chronic Pain; 1.3.2 Economic Impact of Pain; 1.4 Course and Prognosis; 1.5 Differential Diagnosis; 1.6 Comorbidities; 1.6.1 Sleep Disorders; 1.6.2 Depression; 1.6.3 Anxiety; 1.6.4 Substance Abuse; 1.7 Diagnostic Procedures and Documentation; 2 Theories and Models of the Disorder; 2.1 Dualistic Models; 2.2 Gate-Control Theory; 2.3 Biopsychosocial Model; 2.3.1 Operant Conditioning Model; 2.3.2 Cognitive-Behavioral Model; 2.3.3 Multidisciplinary Management; 3 Diagnosis and Treatment Indications; 3.1 Referral Questions and Medical Record Review; 3.2 Guidelines for Assessing Medical History; 3.2.1 History of Pain Complaint; 3.2.2 Pain Intensity, Location, Aggravating and Relieving Factors; 3.2.3 Medical History; 3.3 Guidelines for Assessing Cognitions; 3.3.1 Beliefs and Expectations; 3.3.2 Cognition; 3.4 Guidelines for Assessing Psychiatric Disorders; 3.4.1 Behavioral Observations and Mental Status; 3.4.2 Depression; 3.4.3 Anxiety Disorders; 3.4.4 Substance Abuse; 3.5 Guidelines for Assessing Daily Activity Patterns; 3.5.1 Work and Everyday Activities; 3.5.2 Relationships - Family and Friends; 3.6 Additional Areas for Assessment; 3.6.1 Anger; 3.6.2 Social History; 3.6.3 Educational and Employment History; 3.6.4 Presurgical Screening; 3.7 Diagnosis and Treatment Recommendations; 3.7.1 Diagnosis; 3.7.2 Treatment Plan; 3.7.3 Referrals to Additional Providers and Communication with Referring Physicians; 4 Treatment; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Methods of Treatment; 4.2.1 Medical Treatments; 4.3 Psychological Interventions; 4.3.1 Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy; 4.3.2 Education; 4.3.3 Identifying and Restructuring Negative Cognitions; 4.3.4 Changing Behaviors; 4.3.5 Self-Regulatory Techniques; 4.4 Efficacy and Prognosis; 4.5 Mechanisms of Action; 4.6 Variations and Combinations of Methods; 4.6.1 Physical Therapy; 4.6.2 Complementary and

"Chronic Pain is a small gem. Field and Swarm provide sage insights based on their clinical experience and available research into the complexities of patients with chronic pain, describe an efficient approach to assessment, provide an overview of the range of the most commonly used pharmacological and nonpharmacological modalities, and conclude with a practical approach to pain management - all in a succinct and user-friendly package. I highly recommend this brief volume to clinicians who are looking for an introduction into the challenges of assisting patients with persistent pain and disability." Dennis C. Turk, PhD, Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Washington "Drs. Field and Swarm have compiled a practical up-to-date, evidence-based book rooted in theory that contains an invaluable overview of assessment and treatment strategies for persons with chronic pain. This book places an emphasis on the behavioral medicine perspective of chronic pain packed with "pearls" that can be implemented in a pain practice. The book is well organized and easy to follow with a review of treatments that are proven to be effective. This book is highly recommended for healthcare providers and students alike." Robert N. Jamison, PhD, Director of Clinical Psychology and Associate Professor, Harvard Medical School "Drs. Field and Swarm have produced a brief, highly readable volume that, nonetheless, is packed with important clinical information and savvy insights on the assessment and treatment of patients with chronic pain. Not only does it cover the range of psychological and medical approaches to the treatment of pain (that also are well-referenced), but it includes numerous "clinical pearls" relevant to assessment and treatment, some of which I had to learn by hard experience over many years. I would recommend this volume to clinicians who plan to add the treatment of pain patients to their practice and to educators that are looking for a resource that students