Clinical Pharmacology of Antianginal Drugs
(Sprache: Englisch)
When I was asked some years ago by the editors of the Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology to edit a new volume on Antianginal Drugs, I agreed on the condition that, in accordance with my scientific background, primary emphasis be given to clinical...
Leider schon ausverkauft
versandkostenfrei
Buch
93.99 €
46 DeutschlandCard Punkte
sammeln
- Lastschrift, Kreditkarte, Paypal, Rechnung
- Kostenlose Rücksendung
- Ratenzahlung möglich
Produktdetails
Produktinformationen zu „Clinical Pharmacology of Antianginal Drugs “
Klappentext zu „Clinical Pharmacology of Antianginal Drugs “
When I was asked some years ago by the editors of the Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology to edit a new volume on Antianginal Drugs, I agreed on the condition that, in accordance with my scientific background, primary emphasis be given to clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. It soon turned out that, due to rapid developments in this field, nothing of the previous volume on Antianginal Drugs by Charlier (Vol. 31, 1971) could be retained apart from its basic idea of devoting considerable space to methodology. Since editors must operate within certain limits, I had to abstain from dealing with acute myocardial infarction in detail despite the well-known overlap between unstable angina, the preinfarction syndrome, and acute myocardial infarction. It was only possible for acute myocardial infarction and the concept of reduction of infarct size to be briefly discussed within the chapter on pathophysiology of acute coronary insufficiency. The chapter on invasive methods provided anopportunity to touch on new approaches to early intervention in acute myocardial infarction. Here, intracoronary streptokinase therapy and PTCA are considered, again with attention to the overlap between mechanical and pharmacological interventions.
Inhaltsverzeichnis zu „Clinical Pharmacology of Antianginal Drugs “
- General Principles1 Epidemiology of Ischemic Heart Disease With 5 Figures
A. Preface
B. Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial
I. Methods, Eligibility, Intervention Strategies, Randomization
II. Results and Interpretations
III. Comments
IV. Multiple Risk Factor Intervention in North Karelia
V. The WHO European Collaborative Trial
VI. The Oslo Trial (Primary Prevention)
C. Epidemiologic Observations Confirming the Trend of Decreasing Coronary Mortality in the United States
I. Food Consumption Pattern: United States and Germany
II. Development in England
III. Life Expectancy in the United States
IV. Life-Style Changes Versus Improved Medical-Surgical Care
V. The Rochester Study
VI. The Minneapolis Study
VII. The Chicago Peoples Gas Company Study
VIII. Pathologic-Anatomic Proof that Coronary Atherosclerosis is Decreasing
D. Hypertension and Hypercholesterolemia: Unifactorial Intervention for the Prevention of Ischemic Heart Disease
I. Prevention of Fatal and Nonfatal Ischemic Heart Disease Through Unifactorial Intensive Drug Therapy of Hypertension
II. Results
III. Prevention of Myocardial Infarction Through Unifactorial Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia
IV. Summary
E. Cigarette Smoking and Obesity: Unifactorial Intervention
I. Smoking
II. Obesity
- References
2 Pathophysiology of Coronary Circulation and of Acute Coronary Insufficiency With 11 Figures
A. Regulation of Coronary Blood Flow
I. Overview
II. Metabolic Autoregulation and the Adenosine Hypothesis
III. Alternative Hypotheses Explaining Metabolic Autoregulation
B. Coronary Artery Stenosis and Spasm
I. Overview
II. Influence of a Coronary Stenosis on Myocardial Perfusion
C. Influence of Underperfusion on the Myocardium
I. Influence on Substrate Metabolism
II. Influence on High Energy Phosphates
III. Regional Contractility and Nucleotides in Reperfused Myocardium
IV. Effect of Regional Ischemia on Local Myocardial Function
D. Myocardial Infarction
I. Mechanisms
... mehr
Leading to Cell Death
II. Reduction of Infarct Size as a Therapeutic Goal
- References
3 Pharmacodynamic Principles of Action of Antianginal Drugs
A. Introduction
B. The Principles of "Unloading" the Heart
C. Groups of "Unloading Substances"
D. The Vasospastic Concept
E. Concepts Underlying Inhibition of Platelet Aggregation
F. Conclusion
I. The Augmentation of Oxygen and Substrate Supply to the Heart
II. Reduction of Myocardial Oxygen Demand: Improvement in the Economy of Cardiac Performance
- Test Methods
4 Experimental Testing of Antianginal Drugs in Animals
A. General Considerations
B. Measurement of Relevant Parameters
I. Myocardial Blood Flow
II. Myocardial Metabolism
III. Myocardial Function
IV. Electrocardiogram
V. Signal Transmission
C. Experimental Models
I. Isolated Perfused Hearts
II. Myocardial Underperfusion and Angina Pectoris
III. Myocardial Infarction
IV. Collateral Circulation
V. Reperfusion and Retroperfusion
D. Summary
- References
5 Noninvasive Methods: Systolic Time Intervals and Echocardiography With 2 Figures
A. Introduction
B. Systolic Time Intervals
I. Measurement of Systolic Time Intervals
II. General Points
III. Determinants of the Systolic Time Intervals
IV. Validation of Systolic Time Intervals
V. Use of Systolic Time Intervals to Study Drug Action with Antianginal Preparations
VI. Place of Systolic Time Intervals in Clinical Pharmacology
C. The Use of M-Mode Echocardiography in Assessing Antianginal Drugs
I. Technique of Recording
II. Technique of Measurement
III. Reproducibility of Dimension Measurements
IV. Derived Quantities
V. Computed Quantities
VI. Effect of Physiological Manoeuvres
VII. Effects of Drugs
D. Conclusions
6 Peripheral Circulation With 6 Figures
A. Assessment of Antianginal Drugs Through Studies of the Peripheral Circulation
B. The Use of Human Subjects for Studies on the Peripheral Circulation
I. Anatomical Considerations
II. Ethical Considerations
C. Administration of the Test Drug
I. Oral Administration
II. Intravenous Administration
III. Intra-arterial Administration
IV. Percutaneous Administration
D. Measurement of Blood Flow in the Peripheral Circulation
I. Venous Occlusion Plethysmography
II. Strain-Gauge Plethysmography
III. Thermal Methods
IV. Pulse Volume Methods
V. Isotope Clearance Methods
VI. Differentiation Between Skin and Muscle Blood Flow
VII. Ultrasonic Flow Meters
E. Measurement of Venous Tone
I. Volume Measurement at Constant Pressure
II. Pressure Measurement at Constant Volume
III. Vein Diameter Measurement
F. Measurement of Vascular Permeability
- References
7 Exercise Testing With 3 Figures
A. Introduction
B. Value of Stress Testing in Asymptomatic Subjects
C. Value of Stress Testing in Epidemiology
D. Indications for Exercise Testing
E. Safety of Stress Testing
I. Arrhythmias
II. Hypotension
F. The Use of Stress Testing in the Evaluation of Therapy in Patients with Ischaemic Heart Diseases
G. Gardiac Response to Exercise
H. ECG Response to Exercise
J. Evaluation of the Effects of Therapy
I. Nitrates
II. ?-Adrenergic Blocking Drugs
III. Calcium Channel Blocking Drugs
K. Training
L. Summary
- References
8 Radionuclide Methods With 17 Figures
A. Clinical and Pathophysiologic Aspects of Testing Antiangial Drugs with Radionuclides
B. Some Important Definitions in Nuclear Medicine
C. Fundamentals of Nuclear Cardiology
I. Radionuclide Procedures for Imaging of Myocardial Perfusion
II. Radionuclide Procedures for Imaging of Myocardial Metabolism
III. Failures of Myocardial Function
IV. Failures of the Conduction System of the Heart and Techniques for Their Imaging
D. Application of Radionuclides for Testing Antianginal Drugs
I. ?-Blockers
II. Vasodilators
- References
9 Assessment of Coronary Artery Disease and Myocardial Ischemia by Invasive Methods With 18 Figures
A. Parameters for the Assessment of Cardiac Function in Ischemic Heart Disease
I. Introduction
II. Technical Aspects
III. Hemodynamic Monitoring
IV. Parameters to Evaluate Cardiac Loading Condition
B. Assessment of Functional Significance of Coronary Artery Disease
I. Indications for Coronary Arteriography
II. Information Gained from Coronary Angiography
III. Techniques of Coronary Arteriography
IV. Risks and Complications
C. Quantitative Approach to Coronary Artery Disease by Invasive Methods
I. Introduction
II. Assessment of Left Ventricular Function
III. Assessment of Coronary Artery Morphology
IV. Coronary Artery Spasm
V. Cardiac Metabolism in Ischemia
D. Invasive Techniques in Therapy
I. Intracoronary Thrombolysis in Acute Coronary Thrombosis.
II. Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty
- References
- Types of Antianginal Drugs
10 Organic Nitrates With 3 Figures
A. Introduction
B. Pharmacokinetics of Organic Nitrates
I. Trinitroglycerin
II. Isosorbide Dinitrate
III. Isosorbide-5-mononitrate
IV. Pentaerythrityl Tetranitrate
V. Pentaerythrityl Trinitrate
C. Mechanism of Action at the Molecular Level
I. Influence on Electrolytes
II. Influence on Cyclic Nucleotides
III. Influence on Prostaglandin Metabolism
D. Mechanism of Acute Antianginal Efficacy
I. Peripheral Haemodynamic Effects
II. Effects on Central Haemodynamics and Myocardial Oxygen Consumption
III. Effects on Myocardial Blood Flow
IV. Influence of Organic Nitrates on Contractility and Left Ventricular Performance
V. Chronotropic and Antiarrhythmic Effects
E. Problems of Long-Term Treatment
I. Nitrate Tolerance
II. Nitrate Dependence
F. Efficacy, Routes of Administration, Formulations and Dosages
I. Stable Angina
II. Unstable Angina and Variant Angina
- References
11 Molsidomine With 4 Figures
A. Chemistry - Physicochemical Properties
B. Metabolism - Kinetics
I. Metabolism and Kinetics in Animals
II. Metabolism and Kinetics in Humans
C. Pharmacology
I. Cardiovascular Pharmacology
II. Studies in Isolated Systems
D. Clinical Pharmacology
I. Hemodynamic Studies
II. Side Effects
III. Effects on Thrombocyte Aggregation In Vivo
IV. Effects in Hypertensive Patients
- References
12 ?-Adrenoceptor Blocking Agents
A. Introduction
B. Pharmacodynamics
I. Classification of Blocking Drugs
II. The Associated Properties of jS-Blocking Drugs
III. Blockade of Exogenous Adrenoceptor Stimulation
IV. Blockade of Endogenous Adrenergic Stimulation
V. Response to Physiological Stimuli in Patients Treated with S-Blocking Drugs
VI. Peripheral Resistance and Peripheral Blood Flow
VII. Veins
VIII. Regional Blood Flow
IX. Bronchial Smooth Muscle
X. Lipid Metabolism
XI. Glucose Metabolism
XII. Noradrenaline and Adrenaline
XIII. Renin Blocking Activity
XIV. Stimulation of Vasodilator Prostaglandins
C. Pharmacokinetics
I. Absorption and Metabolism
II. Transport and Distribution
III. Elimination
D. Basis for the Use of ?-Antagonists in Ischaemic Disease
I. Haemodynamic Effects and Oxygen Consumption
II. Effect of ?-Blockade on Coronary Blood Flow
III. Myocardial Metabolism
IV. Effect of ?-Blocking Drugs on the Blood
V. Cardiac Arrhythmias
VI. Mode of Action of ?-Blocking Drugs in Angina
E. Clinical Use of ?-Adrenergic Blocking Drugs
I. Division I: Nonselective ?-Blocking Drugs
II. Division II: Cardioselective Blocking Drugs
III. Division III: Nonselective ?-Blockade plus a-Blockade
IV. j8-Blocking Drugs in Combination with Nitrates
V. J-Blocking Drugs in Combination with Calcium Antagonists
VI. Comparison of Adrenergic Blocking Drugs
VII. Comparison with Other Treatment
VIII. Regulation of Dose in Patients with Angina Pectoris
IX. Indications for ?-Blockade
X. Withdrawal of ?-Blocking Drugs
F. Side Effects
I. Cardiovascular Side Effects
II. Respiratory Side Effects
III. Central Nervous System Side Effects
IV. Fatigue
V. Gastrointestinal Side Effects
VI. Genitourinary Side Effects
VII. Glucose Metabolism
VIII. Sensitivity Reactions
G. Cardioprotective Effect
H. Future Developments
J. Conclusion
- References
13 Calcium Antagonists With 12 Figures
A. Introduction
B. Mechanism of Action of Calcium Antagonists
C. Nifedipine
I. Chemistry and Pharmacokinetics
II. Pharmacodynamics in Humans
III. Clinical Experience
D. Diltiazem
II. Chemistry and Pharmacokinetics
II. Pharmacodynamics in Humans
III. Clinical Experience
E. Verapamil
I. Chemistry and Pharmacokinetics
II. Pharmacodynamics
III. Clinical Experience
F. Summary
- References and Additional Reading
II. Reduction of Infarct Size as a Therapeutic Goal
- References
3 Pharmacodynamic Principles of Action of Antianginal Drugs
A. Introduction
B. The Principles of "Unloading" the Heart
C. Groups of "Unloading Substances"
D. The Vasospastic Concept
E. Concepts Underlying Inhibition of Platelet Aggregation
F. Conclusion
I. The Augmentation of Oxygen and Substrate Supply to the Heart
II. Reduction of Myocardial Oxygen Demand: Improvement in the Economy of Cardiac Performance
- Test Methods
4 Experimental Testing of Antianginal Drugs in Animals
A. General Considerations
B. Measurement of Relevant Parameters
I. Myocardial Blood Flow
II. Myocardial Metabolism
III. Myocardial Function
IV. Electrocardiogram
V. Signal Transmission
C. Experimental Models
I. Isolated Perfused Hearts
II. Myocardial Underperfusion and Angina Pectoris
III. Myocardial Infarction
IV. Collateral Circulation
V. Reperfusion and Retroperfusion
D. Summary
- References
5 Noninvasive Methods: Systolic Time Intervals and Echocardiography With 2 Figures
A. Introduction
B. Systolic Time Intervals
I. Measurement of Systolic Time Intervals
II. General Points
III. Determinants of the Systolic Time Intervals
IV. Validation of Systolic Time Intervals
V. Use of Systolic Time Intervals to Study Drug Action with Antianginal Preparations
VI. Place of Systolic Time Intervals in Clinical Pharmacology
C. The Use of M-Mode Echocardiography in Assessing Antianginal Drugs
I. Technique of Recording
II. Technique of Measurement
III. Reproducibility of Dimension Measurements
IV. Derived Quantities
V. Computed Quantities
VI. Effect of Physiological Manoeuvres
VII. Effects of Drugs
D. Conclusions
6 Peripheral Circulation With 6 Figures
A. Assessment of Antianginal Drugs Through Studies of the Peripheral Circulation
B. The Use of Human Subjects for Studies on the Peripheral Circulation
I. Anatomical Considerations
II. Ethical Considerations
C. Administration of the Test Drug
I. Oral Administration
II. Intravenous Administration
III. Intra-arterial Administration
IV. Percutaneous Administration
D. Measurement of Blood Flow in the Peripheral Circulation
I. Venous Occlusion Plethysmography
II. Strain-Gauge Plethysmography
III. Thermal Methods
IV. Pulse Volume Methods
V. Isotope Clearance Methods
VI. Differentiation Between Skin and Muscle Blood Flow
VII. Ultrasonic Flow Meters
E. Measurement of Venous Tone
I. Volume Measurement at Constant Pressure
II. Pressure Measurement at Constant Volume
III. Vein Diameter Measurement
F. Measurement of Vascular Permeability
- References
7 Exercise Testing With 3 Figures
A. Introduction
B. Value of Stress Testing in Asymptomatic Subjects
C. Value of Stress Testing in Epidemiology
D. Indications for Exercise Testing
E. Safety of Stress Testing
I. Arrhythmias
II. Hypotension
F. The Use of Stress Testing in the Evaluation of Therapy in Patients with Ischaemic Heart Diseases
G. Gardiac Response to Exercise
H. ECG Response to Exercise
J. Evaluation of the Effects of Therapy
I. Nitrates
II. ?-Adrenergic Blocking Drugs
III. Calcium Channel Blocking Drugs
K. Training
L. Summary
- References
8 Radionuclide Methods With 17 Figures
A. Clinical and Pathophysiologic Aspects of Testing Antiangial Drugs with Radionuclides
B. Some Important Definitions in Nuclear Medicine
C. Fundamentals of Nuclear Cardiology
I. Radionuclide Procedures for Imaging of Myocardial Perfusion
II. Radionuclide Procedures for Imaging of Myocardial Metabolism
III. Failures of Myocardial Function
IV. Failures of the Conduction System of the Heart and Techniques for Their Imaging
D. Application of Radionuclides for Testing Antianginal Drugs
I. ?-Blockers
II. Vasodilators
- References
9 Assessment of Coronary Artery Disease and Myocardial Ischemia by Invasive Methods With 18 Figures
A. Parameters for the Assessment of Cardiac Function in Ischemic Heart Disease
I. Introduction
II. Technical Aspects
III. Hemodynamic Monitoring
IV. Parameters to Evaluate Cardiac Loading Condition
B. Assessment of Functional Significance of Coronary Artery Disease
I. Indications for Coronary Arteriography
II. Information Gained from Coronary Angiography
III. Techniques of Coronary Arteriography
IV. Risks and Complications
C. Quantitative Approach to Coronary Artery Disease by Invasive Methods
I. Introduction
II. Assessment of Left Ventricular Function
III. Assessment of Coronary Artery Morphology
IV. Coronary Artery Spasm
V. Cardiac Metabolism in Ischemia
D. Invasive Techniques in Therapy
I. Intracoronary Thrombolysis in Acute Coronary Thrombosis.
II. Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty
- References
- Types of Antianginal Drugs
10 Organic Nitrates With 3 Figures
A. Introduction
B. Pharmacokinetics of Organic Nitrates
I. Trinitroglycerin
II. Isosorbide Dinitrate
III. Isosorbide-5-mononitrate
IV. Pentaerythrityl Tetranitrate
V. Pentaerythrityl Trinitrate
C. Mechanism of Action at the Molecular Level
I. Influence on Electrolytes
II. Influence on Cyclic Nucleotides
III. Influence on Prostaglandin Metabolism
D. Mechanism of Acute Antianginal Efficacy
I. Peripheral Haemodynamic Effects
II. Effects on Central Haemodynamics and Myocardial Oxygen Consumption
III. Effects on Myocardial Blood Flow
IV. Influence of Organic Nitrates on Contractility and Left Ventricular Performance
V. Chronotropic and Antiarrhythmic Effects
E. Problems of Long-Term Treatment
I. Nitrate Tolerance
II. Nitrate Dependence
F. Efficacy, Routes of Administration, Formulations and Dosages
I. Stable Angina
II. Unstable Angina and Variant Angina
- References
11 Molsidomine With 4 Figures
A. Chemistry - Physicochemical Properties
B. Metabolism - Kinetics
I. Metabolism and Kinetics in Animals
II. Metabolism and Kinetics in Humans
C. Pharmacology
I. Cardiovascular Pharmacology
II. Studies in Isolated Systems
D. Clinical Pharmacology
I. Hemodynamic Studies
II. Side Effects
III. Effects on Thrombocyte Aggregation In Vivo
IV. Effects in Hypertensive Patients
- References
12 ?-Adrenoceptor Blocking Agents
A. Introduction
B. Pharmacodynamics
I. Classification of Blocking Drugs
II. The Associated Properties of jS-Blocking Drugs
III. Blockade of Exogenous Adrenoceptor Stimulation
IV. Blockade of Endogenous Adrenergic Stimulation
V. Response to Physiological Stimuli in Patients Treated with S-Blocking Drugs
VI. Peripheral Resistance and Peripheral Blood Flow
VII. Veins
VIII. Regional Blood Flow
IX. Bronchial Smooth Muscle
X. Lipid Metabolism
XI. Glucose Metabolism
XII. Noradrenaline and Adrenaline
XIII. Renin Blocking Activity
XIV. Stimulation of Vasodilator Prostaglandins
C. Pharmacokinetics
I. Absorption and Metabolism
II. Transport and Distribution
III. Elimination
D. Basis for the Use of ?-Antagonists in Ischaemic Disease
I. Haemodynamic Effects and Oxygen Consumption
II. Effect of ?-Blockade on Coronary Blood Flow
III. Myocardial Metabolism
IV. Effect of ?-Blocking Drugs on the Blood
V. Cardiac Arrhythmias
VI. Mode of Action of ?-Blocking Drugs in Angina
E. Clinical Use of ?-Adrenergic Blocking Drugs
I. Division I: Nonselective ?-Blocking Drugs
II. Division II: Cardioselective Blocking Drugs
III. Division III: Nonselective ?-Blockade plus a-Blockade
IV. j8-Blocking Drugs in Combination with Nitrates
V. J-Blocking Drugs in Combination with Calcium Antagonists
VI. Comparison of Adrenergic Blocking Drugs
VII. Comparison with Other Treatment
VIII. Regulation of Dose in Patients with Angina Pectoris
IX. Indications for ?-Blockade
X. Withdrawal of ?-Blocking Drugs
F. Side Effects
I. Cardiovascular Side Effects
II. Respiratory Side Effects
III. Central Nervous System Side Effects
IV. Fatigue
V. Gastrointestinal Side Effects
VI. Genitourinary Side Effects
VII. Glucose Metabolism
VIII. Sensitivity Reactions
G. Cardioprotective Effect
H. Future Developments
J. Conclusion
- References
13 Calcium Antagonists With 12 Figures
A. Introduction
B. Mechanism of Action of Calcium Antagonists
C. Nifedipine
I. Chemistry and Pharmacokinetics
II. Pharmacodynamics in Humans
III. Clinical Experience
D. Diltiazem
II. Chemistry and Pharmacokinetics
II. Pharmacodynamics in Humans
III. Clinical Experience
E. Verapamil
I. Chemistry and Pharmacokinetics
II. Pharmacodynamics
III. Clinical Experience
F. Summary
- References and Additional Reading
... weniger
Bibliographische Angaben
- 2011, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1985., 552 Seiten, 81 Abbildungen, Maße: 24,4 cm, Kartoniert (TB), Englisch
- Mitarbeit:Abshagen, U.; Adam, W.E.; Bleifeld, W.; Gibson, D.G.; Heyden, S.; Hoffmeister, H.M.; Hugenholtz, P.G; Kraupp, O.; Nienaber, C.; Oldershaw, P.J.; Prichard, B.N.C.; Raberger, G.; Redwood, D.; Rod
- Verlag: Springer
- ISBN-10: 3642695264
- ISBN-13: 9783642695261
Sprache:
Englisch
Kommentar zu "Clinical Pharmacology of Antianginal Drugs"
0 Gebrauchte Artikel zu „Clinical Pharmacology of Antianginal Drugs“
| Zustand | Preis | Porto | Zahlung | Verkäufer | Rating |
|---|
Schreiben Sie einen Kommentar zu "Clinical Pharmacology of Antianginal Drugs".
Kommentar verfassen