Erzeugung von Krankheitszuständen durch das Experiment
Kohlenhydratstoffwechsel, Fieber / Carbohydrate Metabolism, Fever
(Sprache: Englisch)
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The Study of Carbohydrate Metabolism.- Abbreviations.- 1: Biological and chemical methods.- I. Introduction.- II. Experimental disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism.- A. Hereditary diabetes.- B. Dietary diabetes.- 1. Overfeeding.- 2. Starvation followed by refeeding.- 3. Composition of the diet and manner of its administration.- 4. Glucose administration.- C. Insulin insufficiency.- 1. Pancreatectomy.- 2. Alloxan diabetes.- 3. Other diabetogenic chemicals.- 4. Insulin antibodies and insulin antagonists.- 5. Preparation of insulin antisera.- 6. Detection and measurement of "anti-insulin" activity.- 7. The use of insulin antisera for the production of hyperglycemia and of experimental diabetes in the intact animal.- 8. The use of insulin antisera for studying the immunologic properties of insulin.- 9. The use of insulin antisera for the measurement of insulin secretion.- 10. The use of fluorescent antibodies for the study of insulin secretion.- D. "Diabetogenic" hormones.- 1. Anterior pituitary and adrenal cortical hormones.- 2. Insulin.- 3. Thyroid.- 4. Estrogens.- 5. Epinephrine.- 6. Glucagon.- 7. Pitressin.- 8. Urinary factor.- E. Physical means.- F. Glucagon insufficiency.- 1. A-cell poisons.- 2. Glucagon antisera.- G. Lesions of the central nervous system.- III. Methods for the study of pancreatic activity.- A. Precautions to be followed while performing acute experiments in animals.- 1. Anesthesia.- 2. Hypothermia.- 3. Muscular exercise.- 4. Fear, pain and struggle.- 5. State of nutrition.- 6. Pregnancy.- 7. Age.- B. Cross-circulation experiments.- C. Parabiosis.- D. Transplantation of the pancreas and pancreatic artery infusion.- E. The measurement of insulin and insulin-like activity (ILA) in pure solutions and in biological materials.- 1. Physico-chemical methods.- 2. Biological methods.- 3 Immunologic methods.- F. Methods for the assay of glucagon.- 1. Physical methods.- 2. Bioassay methods.- 3 Immunologic methods.- 4. The extraction of glucagonfrom
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pancreas and blood.- G. Methods for the preparation of labeled insulin and glucagon.- IV. Methods for the study of insulin activity and glucose metabolism using isolated organs and tissues.- A. Hepatectomy, hepatic catheterization and vascular shunts.- B. Perfusion of isolated organs in vitro.- 1. Liver.- 2. Heart.- 3. Placenta.- 4. Omentum.- C. Isolated tissue preparations.- 1. Muscle tissue.- 2. Adipose tissue.- 3 Mammary gland.- 4. Liver slices.- 5. Red blood cell suspension.- 6. Leukocyte suspension.- 7. Cell suspensions.- 8. Isolated crystalline lens.- 9. Miscellaneous tissues, homogenates and homogenate fractions.- D. The intestine and the intestinal absorption of glucose.- 1. In vivo techniques.- 2. In vitro techniques.- E. The incubation medium.- V. Methods and criteria for evaluating diabetes mellitus and other disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism.- A. Measurement of blood glucose.- 1. The glucose tolerance tests.- 2. Glucose turnover and the glucose pool.- 3. The insulin tolerance test (ITT).- 4. Glucose-insulin tolerance test (G-ITT).- 5. The augmented insulin tolerance test (AITT).- 6. The artero-venous (A-V) difference in blood glucose concentration.- 7. The glucagon and the epinephrine tolerance tests (glucagon TT and ETT).- 8. The tolbutamide response test (TRT).- 9. The leucine response test (LRT).- 10. Methods based on the use of isotopes.- B. The measurement of urinary glucose.- C. The glucose (dextrose): nitrogen (DAN) ratio.- D. The measurement of glucose on skin surface and in skin exudate.- E. Substances other than glucose.- 1. Galactose and the galactose tolerance test (GalTT).- 2. Fructose and the fructose tolerance test (FTT).- 3. Pentoses.- 4. Lactose.- 5. Sugar mixtures.- 6. Ketone bodies.- 7. Lactate.- 8. Pyruvate.- 9. Glycogen.- 10. Serum glycoproteins.- 11. Phosphate fractions.- 12 Alloxan.- 13. Sulfonylurea compounds.- F. The respiratory quotient (R.Q.).- 2: Histological and histo chemical methods.- A. Histochemical methods.- 1. Preparation of tissues.- 2. Histochemistry of glycogen and other carbohydrates.- 3. Histochemistry of enzymes related to carbohydrate metabolism.- B. Histologic and Cytologic methods.- 1. Cell types.- 2. Differential staining of the islets of Langerhans.- 3. Electron microscopy of islet cells.- 4. Histogenesis of the islet cells.- 5. Histochemical identification of zinc.- 6. Histochemical identification of glucagon.- 7. Histochemical identification of insulin.- C. Quantitative studies of pancreatic tissue.- 1. Cell count.- 2. Determination of the amount of insular tissue in the pancreatic parenchyma.- 3. Determination of islet volume.- 4. Measurement of nuclear size.- Literature.- Addendum.- Literature to Addendum.- Fieber und endogene Hyperthermie durch pharmakologische, immunologische und physikalische Maßnahmen.- A. Einleitung.- B. Definitionen: Fieber-Hyperthermie.- C. Bemerkungen zur Methodik der Temperaturmessung und Auswertung der Versuchsergebnisse.- D. Normalt
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Bibliographische Angaben
- 2012, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1966., 472 Seiten, mit farbigen Abbildungen, Kartoniert (TB), Englisch
- Mitarbeit:Eichenberger, E.; Foa, P.P.; Grillo, T.A.I.
- Verlag: Springer
- ISBN-10: 3642998984
- ISBN-13: 9783642998980
Sprache:
Englisch
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