Explosive Effects and Applications

1 Introduction to Explosives.- 1.1. History.- 1.2. Nomenclature.- 1.3. Blasting.- 1.4. Military Uses.- 1.5. Jet Penetrators.- 1.6. Reactive Armor.- 1.7. Explosive Welding.- 1.8. Wave Shaping and Lenses.- 1.9. Conclusions.- 1.10. Problems (Hints and Solutions).- References.- 2 Explosives Development and Fundamentals of Explosives Technology.- 2.1. Introduction.- 2.2. Nomenclature.- 2.3. The Nature of Explosions.- 2.4. What Are Explosives?.- 2.5. A Short History of Explosives.- 3 Shock Waves; Rarefaction Waves; Equations of State.- 3.1. Introduction.- 3.2. Notation and Units.- 3.3. List of Symbols.- 3.4. Shock Waves.- 3.5. Rarefaction Waves.- 3.6. Reference Frames.- 3.7. Sharp Shocks and Diffuse Rarefactions.- 3.8. Transmission and Reflection of Waves at Interfaces.- 3.9. The Shock Tube.- 3.10. Detonation.- 3.11. Phase Changes.- 3.12. Hydrodynamics and Thermodynamics.- 3.13. Equations of State.- 3.14. Equations of State for Mixtures.- 3.15. The Adiabatic Gamma, the Griineisen Gamma, and the Fundamental Derivative.- 3.16. Problems (Hints and Solutions).- References.- 4 Introduction to Detonation Physics.- 4.1. Nomenclature.- 4.2. The Simple Model.- 4.3. The Jump Equations.- 4.4. The Detonation ProductP-VIsentrope.- 4.5. Detonation Velocity and Density.- 4.6. TheC-JState.- 4.7. The Detonation ProductP-uHugoniot.- 4.8. Detonation Velocity and Charge Diameter.- 4.9. Conclusion.- References.- 5 The Chemistry of Explosives.- 5.1. Background.- 5.2. Conventional Explosives.- 5.3. Nitrate Esters.- 5.4. Nitroarenes.- 5.5. Nitroalkanes.- 5.6. Nitramines.- 5.7. Heterocyclic Explosives.- 5.8. Energetic Salts.- 5.9. Composite Explosives.- 5.10. Liquid Oxidizers and Explosives.- 5.11. Unconventional Explosives.- References.- 6 Theories and Techniques of Initiation.- 6.1Introduction.- 6.2 Nomenclature.- 6.3. Initiation Theories.- 6.4. Thermal Explosion Theory.- 6.5. Elementary Detonation Theory.- 6.6. Relationships Between Thermal and Shock Initiation Theories.- 6.7. Initiation