Forest Dynamics

A Design and Structure of the Monitoring System.- 1 Introduction.- 1.1 Problem Analysis.- 1.1.1 Over-Use of Natural Forests.- 1.1.2 Ignorance of Natural Processes in Man-Made Forests.- 1.1.3 Restoration of Man-Made Forests as Natural Areas.- 1.1.4 Lack of Coherent Information on Natural Processes.- 1.1.5 Tools for Prediction.- 1.2 Objectives.- 1.3 Outline of the Text.- 2 Design of the System.- 2.1 Phase 1: Working Out Appropriate Techniques for Data Collection.- 2.1.1 Reflections on Plot Size and Frequency of Measurements.- 2.1.2 A Hierarchy for Forest Analysis.- 2.1.3 Nested Plot Design.- 2.2 Phase 2: The Organization of Datastorage and Retrieval.- 2.3 Phase 3: Data Processing and Interpretation.- 3 Data Collection and Data Storage.- 3.1 Forest Type Area.- 3.1.1 Mapping of Forest History.- 3.1.2 Mapping of Vegetation Structure.- 3.1.3 Mapping of Vegetation Composition.- 3.2 Core Area.- 3.2.1 Tree Charting.- 3.2.2 Tree Measurements.- 3.2.3 Tree Classifications.- 3.2.4 Tree Ring Sampling.- 3.2.5 Sequential Ground Photography.- 3.2.6 Vegetation Mapping.- 3.3 Woody Transect Area.- 3.3.1 Profile Drawings.- 3.4 Herbaceous Transect Area.- 3.4.1 Permanent Quadrats.- B Data Processing.- 4 The Tree Model.- 4.1 Review of Tree Models.- 4.1.1 Models of Tree Architecture.- 4.1.2 Two-Dimensional Tree Shape Models.- 4.1.3 Three-Dimensional Tree Shape Models.- 4.2 Tree Model Description.- 4.2.1 Crown Projection.- 4.2.2 Crown Projections of Bending Trees.- 4.2.3 Dead Trees.- 4.2.4 Calculation of Unknown Co-Ordinates.- 4.2.5 Transverse Crown Sections.- 4.2.6 Fitting of Transverse Crown Sections.- 4.2.7 Horizontal Crown Sections.- 4.2.8 Fitting of Crown Projections.- 4.3 Modelling Uprooting Mound-and-Pit Micro-Relief.- 5 Processing of Primary Tree Characteristics.- 5.1 Computing of Crown Area, Crown Cover, Crown Volume and Basal Area.- 5.2 Statistical Analysis of Tree Data.- 5.3 Two Dimensional Computer Plotting of Forest Structure.- 6 Application Programs.- 6.1 Light Simulation.-