Handbook of Medical Neuropsychology

Part I: Primary Nervous System Disease.- Chapter 1: Epilepsy and Cognitive Plasticity.- Chapter 2: The Continuum of Traumatic Brain Injuries: Subconcussion to Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy.- Chapter 3: Traumatic Brain Injury in Very Early Childhood.- Chapter 4: Neuropsychological Problems in Neuro-oncology.- Chapter 5: Multiple System Atrophy, Orthostatic Hypotension, and Autonomic Dysfunction and Cognition.- Part II: Vascular System Disease.- Chapter 6: Cardiovascular Disease and Neurocognitive Function.- Chapter 7: Cerebrovascular Disease and Disorders.- Chapter 8: Cognitive Declines During Migraine and Cluster Headaches Are Caused by Cerebral 5HT Neurotransmitter Dysfunction.- Chapter 9: Respiratory Disorders: Effects on Neurocognitive and Brain Function.- Chapter 10: Cognitive Functioning in Asthma: Central Nervous System and Other Influences.- Part III: Developmental, Genetic, and Structural Disorders.- Chapter 11: Cerebral Palsy: Effects of Early Brain Injury on Development.- Chapter 12: Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Cognitive Neuroscience Perspective.- Chapter 13: Genetic Syndromes Associated with Intellectual Disabilities.- Chapter 14: An Introduction to Congenital and Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus.- Chapter 15: Learning Disorders.- Chapter 16:  Frontal Lobe Disorders in Pediatric Neuropsychology:Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Tourette Disorder.- Part IV: Aging.- Chapter 17: Dementia.- Chapter 18: Theoretical Perspectives on Cognitive Aging.- Chapter 19: Neuropsychology of Movement Disorders and Motor Neuron Disease: Parkinson's Disease, Progressive Supranuclear Palsy, Essential Tremor, Huntington's Disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.- Part V: Immune-Mediated Disease.- Chapter 20: Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Theories of Cognition and Depression in Multiple Sclerosis and Guillain-Barré Syndrome.- Chapter 21: Neurocognitive Function in Systemic Autoimmune and Rheumatic Diseases.- Chapter 22: HIV-AIDS: The Neurologic

Carol L. Armstrong is a neuropsychologist with the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine who conducts cognitive neuroscience research and engages in clinical practice; her work began with neurological disorders and diseases such as Alzheimer's dementia, cerebrovascular dementia, multiple sclerosis, head injury, and other diseases and disorders that led to a particular interest in environmental risks for brain injury.  With funding from the National Institutes of Health and other agencies, her research evolved into a programmatic focus on neuro-oncology and the effects on the brain from therapeutic irradiation. She has published longitudinal findings on the cognitive and neuroimaging outcomes associated with neural responses to radiotherapy, and discerned them from brain tumor effects.  Her work identified the special vulnerability of specific memory systems to injury from radiotherapy, and differentiated them from attention, working memory, and executive functions.  Current radiotherapy techniques now protect the hippocampus to the greatest degree possible as part of radiotherapy plans.  The pediatric response to therapeutic irradiation shows a different temporal course of post-treatment change in cognition, suggesting a different hippocampal response than that found in adults, and showing that cognition might be a biomarker of radiation effects.  The cerebellum is frequently part of the treatment fields for children, and should also be protected as both the hippocampus and cerebellum share the neural mechanisms that make them vulnerable to irradiation.