Heat Transfer in Medicine and Biology

of Volume 2.- IV: Applications of Heat Transfer in Medicine.- 16 Analysis of Heat Transfer and Temperature Distributions in Tissues During Local and Whole-Body Hyperthermia.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Distributed Parameter Approach.- 3. Lumped Parameter Approach.- 4. Thermal Energy Absorbed during Ultrasound, Microwave, and Radiofrequency Heating.- 5. Temperature Distributions during Normothermia.- 6. Temperature Distributions during Hyperthermia.- 7. Summary and Recommendations.- 17 Temperature Fields and Lesion Sizes in Electrosurgery and Induction Thermocoagulation.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Analysis.- 3. Summary.- 18 Analysis of Skin Burns.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Physiology of Skin.- 3. Physiological Aspects of the Burn Injury.- 4. Determination of Burn Injury from the Temperature-Time History.- 5. Cooling Therapy for Burn Wounds.- 6. Quantification of the Microscopic Response to Burns.- 7. Conclusion.- 19 Laser Irradiation of Tissue.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Laser Principles.- 3. Laser Safety.- 4. Medical Applications.- 5. A Thermal Model of Laser Irradiation of Tissue.- 6. Measurement and Prediction of Thermal Damage in the Retina.- 7. Summary and Recommendations for Future Work.- 20 Preservation of Biological Material by Freezing and Thawing.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Basic Aspects of Low-Temperature Preservation.- 3. Osmosis.- 4. General Responses of Biomaterials to Freezing and Thawing.- 5. Mechanisms of Freeze-Thaw Damage.- 6. Applied Cryobiology.- 7. Thermodynamic Models and Cryobiology.- 8. Cryomicroscopy.- 9. Summary.- 21 Thermal Analysis for Cryosurgery.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Background.- 3. Bioheat Transfer Models.- 4. Maximum Lesion Size.- 5. Rate of Lesion Growth.- 6. Steady-State Results and Applications.- 7. Evaluating the Rate of Lesion Growth.- 8. Comparison of Lesion Growth Computational Methods.- 9. Cryosurgical Atlas.- 22 Analysis of Heat Exchange During Cooling and Rewarming in Cardiopulmonary Bypass Procedures.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Heat Exchanger