Lysosomes: A Survey
(Sprache: Englisch)
This brief monograph is intended chiefly for non-specialists and for others interested in a concise introduction to the field. The literature on lysosomes is growing so rapidly that any effort at exhaustive comprehensiveness would be foredoomed to failure....
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This brief monograph is intended chiefly for non-specialists and for others interested in a concise introduction to the field. The literature on lysosomes is growing so rapidly that any effort at exhaustive comprehensiveness would be foredoomed to failure. Fortunately, an extensive series of reviews has been published in the past few years (see especially DINGLE and FELL 1969; DINGLE 1972, 1973 a; HERS and VAN HoOF 1973) and the "history" of the organelles is brief enough that major contributors to all stages of that history are still available to provide first-hand discussions (e. g. , DE DUVE and WATTIAUX 1966; DE DUVE 1969; NOVIKOFF 1971, 1973; see also VAN FURTH for work on phago cytes and DE REUCK and CAMERON 1963 for useful reviews of early work). New York, N. Y. , September 1975 E. HOLTZMAN Contents I. General Considerations and Background 1. 1. Perspectives 1 1. 2. Definitions . 2 1. 2. 1. General Functional Categories 2 1. 2. 2. Outline of Lysosome Functioning in Phagocytes 3 1. 2. 3. Additional Terms: Heterophagy and Autophagy 4 1. 3. Characterization of Lysosomes . . . . . . . . . . 4 1. 3. 1. Basic Biochemical Characteristics of Lysosomes 5 1. 3. 1. 1. Key Features of Lysosomes 8 1. 3. 1. 2. The Lysosomal Enzymes . 8 1. 3. 1. 3. Digestion in Lysosomes 11 1. 3. 104. Lysosomal "Permeability" 13 1. 3. 2. Some Cytochemical and Morphological Characteristics 15 1. 3. 2. 1. Cytochemical Methods . . . . . . . . . . 16 1. 3. 2. 2. Cytochemical Studies of Exogenous Tracers .
Inhaltsverzeichnis zu „Lysosomes: A Survey “
I. General Considerations and BackgroundI.1. Perspectives
I.2. Definitions
I.2.1. General Functional Categories
I.2.2. Outline of Lysosome Functioning in Phagocytes
I.2.3. Additional Terms: Heterophagy and Autophagy
I.3. Characterization of Lysosomes
I.3.1. Basic Biochemical Characteristics of Lysosomes
I.3.1.1. Key Features of Lysosomes
I.3.1.2. The Lysosomal Enzymes
I.3.1.3. Digestion in Lysosomes
I.3.1.4. Lysosomal "Permeability"
I.3.2. Some Cytochemical and Morphological Characteristics
I.3.2.1. Cytochemical Methods
I.3.2.2. Cytochemical Studies of Exogenous Tracers
I.3.2.3. Additional Cytochemical Features of Lysosomes: "Matrix" Materials and Some Other Non-Enzymatic Components
I.4. Morphological Categories of Lysosomes
II. Lysosome Formation, Functioning and Fate
II. 1. Heterophagy
II.1.1. Background
II.1.2. Specificity
II.1.3. The Transport of Acid Hydrolases
II.1.3.1. The Formation of Primary Lysosomes in PMN Leukocytes
II.1.3.2. Primary Lysosomes in Macrophages
II.1.4. Fusion Phenomena, Lysosome "Reuse" and Lysosome Membranes
II.1.4.1. Lysosome "Recycling"
II.1.4.2. Energetics and Control of Movements in Heterophagy
II.1.4.3. Lysosome Membranes; Fusion
II.1.4.4. Other Features of the Lysosome Surface: Enzymes, Changes and Stability
II.1.4.5. Acidification
II.2. Hydrolase Transport in Cells Other than Phagocytes
II.2.1. GERL
II.2.2. Endoplasmic Reticulum and Lysosomes; Some Biochemical Findings
II.3. Autophagy
II.3.1. Basic Morphology
II.3.2. Mode of Formation of Autophagie Vacuoles
II.3.2.1. Source of the Delimiting Membranes
II.3.2.2. Source of the Hydrolases
II.3.3. Crinophagy
II.3.4. Some General Aspects of the Control and Specificity of Autophagy
II.4. Multivesicular Bodies (MVB's)
II.4.1. Heterophagic Roles
II.4.2. Participation in Autophagy
II.4.2.1. Incorporation of Secretory Material and of Intact Vesicles
II.4.2.2. Degradation of Membranes Participating in Endocytosis
II.4.2.3. Possible Roles in
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Degrading Other Types of Membrane
II.4.2.4. Microautophagy
II.5. The Fate of Lysosomes
II.5.1. Release vs. Retention
II.5.2. "Telolysosomes" and Lipofuscin
II.6. Lysosome Heterogeneity
III. Lysosomes in Turnover and Modulation
III.1. Turnover of Cells and Tissues of Higher Animals and Features of Developmental Remodelling
III.1.1. Background and an Example: The Red Blood Cell Life History
III.1.1.1. Lysosomes in the Maturation of Red Blood Cells
III.1.1.2. The Destruction of Red Blood Cells
III.1.1.3. Iron Storage and Release
III.1.2. Developmental "Remodelling"
III.1.2.1. Case Histories: Cell Destruction in Insect Metamorphosis
III.2. Turnover of Extracellular Materials
III.2.1. Connective Tissue Components
III.2.1.1. Hydrolase Release in Cartilage
III.2.1.2. Osteoclasts
III.2.1.3. Collagenases
III.3. Turnover of Circulating Macromolecules
III.3.1. Selectivity
III.4. Intracellular Turnover
III.4.1. Some Methodological Perspectives and Problems
III.4.2. Turnover in Bacteria
III.4.3. Turnover of Organelles and Intracellular Macromolecules in Eucaryotes
III.4.3.1. Some General Points and Some Experiments Paralleling those Done with Procaryotes
III.4.3.2. Turnover of Macromolecules that are not Components of Membrane-Delimited Organelles
III.4.3.3. Aspects of the Turnover of Membrane-Delimited Cytoplasmic Organdies
III.5. Turnover of Photoreceptor Membranes
IV. Pathology
IV.1. Lysosomal Storage Diseases
IV.1.1. Lipidoses and Polysaccharidoses
IV.1.2. Etiological Aspects
IV.1.3. Some Interesting Disorders of Uncertain Status
IV.2. Lysosomes and Infection
IV.2.1. The Entry of Structures with Macromolecular Dimensions into Cells: Viruses and Toxic Proteins
IV.2.2. Potentially Instructive Failures of Defenses
IV.2.3. Malaria
IV.3. The "Pathological" Release of Enzymes to Extracellular Spaces; Arthritis, Inflammation, and Related Phenomena
IV.4. The Intracellular Release of Hydrolases: Lysosome Fragility, Labilizers, and Stabilizers
IV.4.1. Methodological Problems
IV.4.2. Silica and Uric Acid
IV.4.3. Labilizers, Stabilizers, Drugs, and Inhibitors
IV.5. Lysosomes in Immune Responses
IV.5.1. Macrophages and Some Other Cells in the "Processing" or "Presentation" of Antigens
IV.5.2. Lysosomes in Lymphocyte Activation
IV.5.3. The Transfer of Maternal Antibodies
V. Some Special Topics and Some Loose Ends
V.1. Lysosomes in Plant Cells
V.1.1. Senescence and Cell Death
V.1.2. Autophagy
V.1.3. Extracellular Hydrolases
V.2. Hydrolases in Secretory Cells
V.2.1. Lysosomes and Secretory Processes; the Thyroid Gland
V.2.2. Hydrolases in the Golgi Apparatus and Secretion Granules
V.2.3. Melanin
V.3. Lysosomes in Animal Gametes
V.3.1. Sperm
V.3.2. Eggs
V.4. Closing Comments
- Acknowledgements
II.4.2.4. Microautophagy
II.5. The Fate of Lysosomes
II.5.1. Release vs. Retention
II.5.2. "Telolysosomes" and Lipofuscin
II.6. Lysosome Heterogeneity
III. Lysosomes in Turnover and Modulation
III.1. Turnover of Cells and Tissues of Higher Animals and Features of Developmental Remodelling
III.1.1. Background and an Example: The Red Blood Cell Life History
III.1.1.1. Lysosomes in the Maturation of Red Blood Cells
III.1.1.2. The Destruction of Red Blood Cells
III.1.1.3. Iron Storage and Release
III.1.2. Developmental "Remodelling"
III.1.2.1. Case Histories: Cell Destruction in Insect Metamorphosis
III.2. Turnover of Extracellular Materials
III.2.1. Connective Tissue Components
III.2.1.1. Hydrolase Release in Cartilage
III.2.1.2. Osteoclasts
III.2.1.3. Collagenases
III.3. Turnover of Circulating Macromolecules
III.3.1. Selectivity
III.4. Intracellular Turnover
III.4.1. Some Methodological Perspectives and Problems
III.4.2. Turnover in Bacteria
III.4.3. Turnover of Organelles and Intracellular Macromolecules in Eucaryotes
III.4.3.1. Some General Points and Some Experiments Paralleling those Done with Procaryotes
III.4.3.2. Turnover of Macromolecules that are not Components of Membrane-Delimited Organelles
III.4.3.3. Aspects of the Turnover of Membrane-Delimited Cytoplasmic Organdies
III.5. Turnover of Photoreceptor Membranes
IV. Pathology
IV.1. Lysosomal Storage Diseases
IV.1.1. Lipidoses and Polysaccharidoses
IV.1.2. Etiological Aspects
IV.1.3. Some Interesting Disorders of Uncertain Status
IV.2. Lysosomes and Infection
IV.2.1. The Entry of Structures with Macromolecular Dimensions into Cells: Viruses and Toxic Proteins
IV.2.2. Potentially Instructive Failures of Defenses
IV.2.3. Malaria
IV.3. The "Pathological" Release of Enzymes to Extracellular Spaces; Arthritis, Inflammation, and Related Phenomena
IV.4. The Intracellular Release of Hydrolases: Lysosome Fragility, Labilizers, and Stabilizers
IV.4.1. Methodological Problems
IV.4.2. Silica and Uric Acid
IV.4.3. Labilizers, Stabilizers, Drugs, and Inhibitors
IV.5. Lysosomes in Immune Responses
IV.5.1. Macrophages and Some Other Cells in the "Processing" or "Presentation" of Antigens
IV.5.2. Lysosomes in Lymphocyte Activation
IV.5.3. The Transfer of Maternal Antibodies
V. Some Special Topics and Some Loose Ends
V.1. Lysosomes in Plant Cells
V.1.1. Senescence and Cell Death
V.1.2. Autophagy
V.1.3. Extracellular Hydrolases
V.2. Hydrolases in Secretory Cells
V.2.1. Lysosomes and Secretory Processes; the Thyroid Gland
V.2.2. Hydrolases in the Golgi Apparatus and Secretion Granules
V.2.3. Melanin
V.3. Lysosomes in Animal Gametes
V.3.1. Sperm
V.3.2. Eggs
V.4. Closing Comments
- Acknowledgements
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Bibliographische Angaben
- Autor: E. Holtzman
- 2012, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1976, XII, 298 Seiten, 56 Abbildungen, Maße: 17 x 24,4 cm, Kartoniert (TB), Englisch
- Verlag: Springer
- ISBN-10: 3709184118
- ISBN-13: 9783709184110
Sprache:
Englisch
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