Measurements using Optic and RF Waves

Preface xiii

Chapter 1. Electromagnetic Environment 1
Pierre-Noël FAVENNEC

1.1. Electromagnetic radiation sources 1

1.2. Electromagnetic fields 18

1.3. Bibliography 21

Chapter 2. From Measurement to Control of Electromagnetic Waves using a Near-field Scanning Optical Microscope 23
Loïc LALOUAT, Houssein NASRALLAH, Benoit CLUZEL, Laurent SALOMON, Colette DUMAS and Frédérique DE FORNEL

2.1. Introduction 23

2.2. Principle of the measurement using a local probe 24

2.3. Measurement of the electromagnetic field distribution inside nanophotonic components 30

2.4. Measuring the amplitude and phase in optical near-field 39

2.5. Active optical near-field microscopy 41

2.6. Conclusion 45

2.7. Acknowledgements 45

2.8. Bibliography 45

Chapter 3. Meteorological Visibility Measurement: Meteorological Optical Range 51
Hervé SIZUN and Maher AL NABOULSI

3.1. Introduction 51

3.2. Definitions 52

3.3. Atmospheric composition 53

3.4. Atmospheric effects on light propagation 54

3.5. Units and scales 573.6. Measurement methods 58

3.7. Visibility perturbation factors 68

3.8. Applications 71

3.9. Appendix - optical contrast and Koschmieder's law 75

3.10. Glossary 77

3.11. Bibliography 78

Chapter 4. Low Coherence Interferometry 81
Xavier CHAPELEAU, Dominique LEDUC, Cyril LUPI, Virginie GAILLARD and Christian BOISROBERT

4.1. Introduction 81

4.2. Phase measurement 82

4.3. Metrology considerations 86

4.4. Applications 91

4.5. Conclusion 106

4.6. Bibliography 107

Chapter 5. Passive Remote Sensing at Submillimeter Wavelengths and THz 113
Gérard BEAUDIN

5.1. Introduction 113

5.2. Submillimeter-THz low noise heterodyne receivers 115

5.3. Submillimeter - THz applications for astronomy and astrophysics 120

5.4. Submillimeter - THz remote-sensing applications to aeronomy and planetology 124

5.5. Conclusion 126

5.6. Acknowledgements 127

5.7. Bibliography 127

Chapter 6. Exposimetry