Molecular and Biochemical Toxicology

Preface xxix
 
List of Contributors xxxi
 
Section 1 Introduction 1
 
1 Molecular and Biochemical Toxicology: Definition and Scope 3
Ernest Hodgson and Robert C. Smart
 
1.1 Introduction 3
 
1.2 Sources of Information 5
 
1.3 Toxicology 5
 
1.4 Molecular and Cellular Toxicology 6
 
1.5 Proteomics and Metabolomics 8
 
1.6 Role of Molecular, Cellular, and Biochemical Toxicology: Implications for Risk Assessment 8
 
1.7 Conclusions 9
 
Suggested Reading 9
 
Section 2 Techniques in Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology 11
 
2 Molecular Techniques for the Study of Gene Function 13
Yoshiaki Tsuji and Robert C. Smart
 
2.1 Applicability of Molecular Techniques to Toxicology 13
 
2.2 Overview of Genes, Chromatin, and Their Relationship 15
 
2.3 Approaches to Characterize the Functions of Genes 20
 
2.4 Gene Targeting Technologies 31
 
2.5 Analysis of Gene Expression and Regulatory Mechanisms 35
 
2.6 Methods to Evaluate Gene Function in an Animal Model 45
 
References 54
 
Suggested Reading 54
 
3 Transcriptomics 55
B. Alex Merrick
 
3.1 Introduction 55
 
3.2 Cellular Organization and the Transcriptome 58
 
3.3 RNA Isolation 62
 
3.4 Platforms for Transcriptome Analysis: Microarrays 64
 
3.5 RNA?]seq: NextGen Sequencing of the Transcriptome 72
 
3.6 Validation of Transcriptome Analysis 81
 
3.7 Analysis of Gene Expression Data 82
 
3.8 Summary 86
 
References 87
 
4 Proteomics 91
Michael S. Bereman
 
4.1 Introduction to Proteomics 91
 
4.2 Mass Spectrometry 94
 
4.3 Quantitation of Proteins by LC?]MS/MS 107
 
4.4 Emerging Research Areas in Proteomics 109
 
4.5 Summary 112
 
Suggested
 
Reading 112
 
5 Metabolomics 115
Susan C. J. Sumner, Wimal Pathmasiri, James E. Carlson, Susan L. McRitchie,

Robert C. Smart, PhD, is the William Neal Reynolds Professor of Toxicology, Director of Graduate Programs, and Director of the Center for Human Health and the Environment at North Carolina State University. Together with Dr. Hodgson, he coedited the two previous editions of this book.
 
Ernest Hodgson, PhD, is Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology and Executive Director of the Foundation for Toxicology and Agromedicine at North Carolina State University. Alongside the previous editions of this book, he edited four editions of A Textbook of Modern Toxicology (Wiley) and is the Editor of the Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology.