Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

1 Chemical Shift in 1H-NMR Spectroscopy
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Relaxation Processes
1.2.1. Spin-Lattice Relaxation (T1)
1.2.2. Spin-Spin Relaxation (T2)
1.3. Chemical Shift
1.3.1. Some Factors Affecting Chemical Shift
- Recommended Reading

2 Spin-Spin Coupling 1H-NMR Spectroscopy
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Chemical and Magnetic Equivalence of Nuclei
2.3. Different Spin Systems
2.3.1. Two Coupled Nuclei (AX, AB, A2 Systems)
2.3.2. Three Coupled Nuclei (AX2, AMX, ABX, ABC, AB2 Systems)
2.3.3. Four Coupled Nuclei (AX3, A2X2, AA?XX?, A2B2, AB3, AA?BB? ABCD Systems)
2.3.4. Five Interacting Nuclei (A2X3, A2B3, AA?BB?C)
2.4. Factors Affecting Coupling Constants
2.4.1. Dependence on Dihedral Angle
2.4.2 Dependence of Coupling Constants on Electronegativity of Substituents
2.4.3. Dependence of3J on H-C-C-H Valence Angles
2.4.4. Dependence of 3J on C-C Bond Lengths/? Bond Orders
2.5. Long-Range Spin-Spin Coupling
2.5.1. Long-Range Coupling in Unsaturated Compounds
2.5.2. Through-Space Coupling
2.5.3. Long-Range Coupling in Saturated Systems
2.5.4. Dipole-Dipole Interaction
- Recommended Reading

3 Experimental Procedures in NMR Spectroscopy
3.1. Pulsed Fourier Transform NMR Spectroscopy
3.1.1. Rotating Frame of Reference
3.1.2. Free Induction Decay
3.1.3. Setting Pulse Widths
3.1.4. Adjustment of Pulse Frequency
3.1.5. Signal Weighting
3.1.6. Phase Correction
3.1.7. Double Resonance
3.1.8. Off-Resonance Decoupling
3.2. Study of Dynamic Effects by NMR Spectroscopy
3.2.1. Hindered Internal Rotation
3.2.2. Keto-Enol Tautomerism
3.2.3. Inversion of Configuration
3.2.4. Proton Exchange Equilibria
3.2.5. Valence Tautomerism
- Recommended Reading

4 Chemical Shifts and Spin-Spin Couplings in 13C-NMR Spectroscopy
4.1. Chemical Shifts in 13C-NMR Spectroscopy
4.1.1. Factors Affecting Chemical Shifts
4.1.2. Additivity of Substituent Effects
4.1.3. Chemical Shifts of Organic Molecules
4.2. Couplings in 13C-NMR Spectroscopy
4.2.1.