One Day in the Life of the English Language

Preface xi Navigation Tips xix Introduction The Starting Idea: You and Your Audience 1 Preview of the Following Pages 7 December 29, 2008, as History 10 Two Disclaimers 20 On Using Sentences from the Real World 23 Formal Usage-Its Rules and Value 31 "If you don't have grammar, you don't have sense" 40 1 Actants, Actions, Ongoing States: Nouns, Verbs, and the Sentences They Form Why Learn the Parts of Speech? 45 Fundamentals 49 Fine Tuning 56 Deep Focus 71 2 Words That Modify and Orient: Adjectives, Adverbs, Conjunctions, Prepositions, Articles, Interjections The Power of Small Words Well Deployed 88 Adjectives 89 Adverbs 99 Conjunctions 114 Prepositions 123 Articles 128 Interjections 133 3 Who Is He/She? Pronouns A Whole Chapter on Pronouns? 134 Fundamentals 135 Fine Tuning 150 Deep Focus 160 4 Punctuation, Part I-The Comma: Promiscuous Uses Introduction: Punctuation Substitutes for Oral Emphases, Facial Expressions, and Body Language 167 Fundamentals 169 Fine Tuning 193 Deep Focus 200 5 Punctuation, Part II-The Colon, Semicolon, and More Mysteries of Punctuation The Colon and Semicolon 207 The Apostrophe 217 The Dash 228 The Quotation Mark 232 End Punctuation and Combining Sentences 241 6 Diction: Sentences as Clockwork On the Interconnectedness of Words 254 Fundamentals 258 A Microconclusion 286 Appendix I: Fifteen Myths of Digital-Age English 293 Appendix II: Using This Book to Teach College Writing: A Microguide 301 Fifty Key Terms: A Microglossary 317 Works Cited General Sources 329 December 29, 2008, Examples 335 Index 351

Frank L. Cioffi has taught writing at Princeton and Indiana universities and at Bard, Scripps, and Baruch colleges. He is the author of The Imaginative Argument: A Practical Manifesto for Writers (Princeton), among other books.