Portal Hypertension

Part I. Historical Perspective

- Portal Hypertension: A History

- Adrian Reuben and Roberto J. Groszmann

Part II. Pathobiology and Experimental Progress in Portal Hypertension

- Anatomy and Vascular Biology of the Cells in the Portal Circulation

- Massimo Pinzani and Francesco Vizzutti

- Cell and Molecular Mechanisms of Increased Intrahepatic Resistance and Hemodynamic Correlates

- Don C. Rockey

- Molecular Mechanisms of Systemic Vasodilation and Hyperdynamic Circulatory State of Cirrhosis

- Richard Moreau and Didier Lebrec

- Mechanisms of Sodium Retention, Ascites Formation, and Renal Dysfunction in Cirrhosis

- Andrés Cárdenas and Pere Ginès

- Hepatic Hemodynamics in Portal Hypertension: Compliance, Hepatic Arterial Buffer Response, Hepatorenal Syndrome, and Liver Regeneration

- W. Wayne Lautt and Zhi Ming

- Neovascularization, Angiogenesis, and Vascular Remodeling in Portal Hypertension

- Manuel Morales-Ruiz and Wladimiro Jiménez

- Mechanisms of Cardiopulmonary Hemodynamics and Dysfunction in Portal Hypertension

- Michael B. Fallon

Part III: Methodology to Assess Portal Hypertension in Humans

- Measurement of Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient: Methods, Interpretation, and Pitfalls

- G. Pomier-Layrargues and P. Michel Huet

- Evaluation of Portal Hemodynamics Using Indicator Dilution and Noninvasive Techniques

- Juerg Reichen

- Endoscopic Assessment of Portal Hypertension Including Variceal Pressure Measurements: Methods, Interpretation, and Pitfalls

Àngels Escorsell and Jaime Bosch

Part IV: Natural History and Treatment of Esophageal Varices

- Clinical Features and Natural History of Variceal Hemorrhage: Implications for Surveillance and Screening

- Juan G. Abraldes and Jaime Bosch

- Management Strategies for the Prophylaxis and Treatment of Esophageal Variceal Rupture: An Overview

- Roberto de Franchis

- Pharmacologic Therapy for the Management of Esophageal Varices: Biology