Practical Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy

Series Preface.
Preface.
Acronyms, Abbreviations and Symbols.
About the Author.
1. Methodology for trace elemental analysis.
1.1 Introduction.
1.2 Analytical terms and their definition.
1.3 Units.
1.4 Calibration strategies.
1.5 Quality assurance and the use of certified reference materials.
2. Sample preparation for inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy.
2.1 Introduction.
2.2 Aqueous samples.
2.2.1 Liquid-liquid extraction.
2.2.2 Ion exchange.
2.2.3 Co-precipitation.
2.3 Solid samples.
2.3.1 Decomposition techniques.
2.3.2 Microwave digestion.
2.3.3 Dry ashing.
2.3.4 Fusion.
2.4 Extraction procedures.
2.4.1 Single extraction procedures.
2.4.2 Sequential extraction procedures.
2.4.3 Enzymatic digestion procedures.
3. Sample introduction for inductively coupled plasmas.
3.1 Introduction.
3.2 Nebulizers.
3.3 Spray Chambers and desolvation systems.
3.4 Discrete sample introduction.
3.5 Continuous sample introduction.
3.6 Hydride and cold vapour techniques.
4. The inductively coupled plasma and other sources.
4.1 Introduction.
4.2 Inductively coupled plasma.
4.3 Direct current plasma.
4.4 Microwave induced plasma.
4.5 Glow discharge.
5. Inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectroscopy .
5.1 Fundamentals of spectroscopy.
5.1.1 Origins of atomic spectra.
5.1.2 Spectral line intensity.
5.1.3 Spectral line broadening.
5.2 Plasma spectroscopy.
5.3 Spectrometers.
5.3.1 Sequential .
5.3.2 Simultaneous.
5.4 Detectors.
5.5 Interferences.
6. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
6.1 Introduction.
6.2 Principle of operation.
6.2.1 Ion source: ICP.
6.3 Interface.
6.4 Mass spectrometer.
6.4.1 Quadrupole mass spectrometer.
6.4.2 Sector field mass spectrometer.
6.4.3 Ion trap mass spectrometer.
6.4.4 time-of-flight mass spectrometer.
6.5 Detector.
6.6 Interferences .
6.6.1 Isobaric interferences.
6.6.2 Molecular interferences.
6.6.3 Remedies for molecular interferences.
6.6.4 Non-spectral interferences:

John R. Dean, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D., D.I.C., D.Sc., FRSC, CChem., CSci., Cert. Ed., Registered Analytical Chemist John R. Dean took his first degree in Chemistry at the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST), followed by an M.Sc. in Analytical Chemistry and Instrumentation at Loughborough University of Technology, and finally a Ph.D. and D.I.C. in Physical Chemistry at the Imperial College of Science and Technology (University of London). He then spent two years as a postdoctoral research fellow at the Food Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food in Norwich, in conjunction with the Polytechnic of the South West in Plymouth. His work there was focused on the development of directly coupled high performance liquid chromatography and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry methods for trace element speciation in foodstuffs. This was followed by a temporary lectureship in Inorganic Chemistry at Huddersfield Polytechnic. In 1988, he was appointed to a lectureship in Inorganic/Analytical Chemistry at Newcastle Polytechnic (now Northumbria University). This was followed by promotion to Senior Lecturer (1990), Reader 1994), Principal Lecturer (1998) and Associate Dean (Research) (2004). He was also awarded a personal chair in 2004. In 1998, he was awarded a D.Sc. (University of London) in Analytical and Environmental Science and was the recipient of the 23rd Society for Analytical Chemistry (SAC) Silver Medal in 1995. He has published extensively in analytical and environmental science. He is an active member of The Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) Analytical Division, having served as a member of the atomic spectroscopy group for 15 years (10 as Honorary Secretary), as well as a past Chairman (1997-1999). He has served on the Analytical Division Council for three terms and is a former Vice-President (2002-2004), as well as a past-Chairman of the North-East Region of the RSC (2001-2003).