Pyrometamorphism

Pyrometamorphism occurs at very high temperatures (800 - > 1000 °C) and low pressures (< 2 kb) and typically results in the formation of "burnt" and fused rocks termed buchites, paralavas, clinkers and fulgarites. It is typically associated with shallow basaltic intrusions (contact aureoles, xenoliths,) combustion of carbonaceous matter, lightning strikes, and is also found in meteorites. During pyrometamorphism, the sequence of heating and cooling is greatly condensed favouring the preservation of a variety of stranded reaction microstructures that reflect disequilibrium reaction kinetics with metastable and mineral crystallisation. TOC:Introduction.- Thermal Regimes and Effects.- Quartzofeldspathic Rocks.- Calc-Silicates and Evaporites.- Mafic Rock.- Anthropogenic Pyrometamorphism.- Mineral Breakdown Reactions. Chapter 1 Additional terms and discussion from IUGS Subcommission on Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks (Contact metamorphism) Chapter 2 Further details on thermal regimes of combustion metamorphism and lightning strike pyrometamorphism + 1 diagram (various sources) Chapter 3 Additional example of pyrometamorphism of granitic rock by basalt + 1 diagramAdditional examples of combustion metamorphism of quartzofeldpathic rocks + siderite from Siberia, New Zealand, Ellesmere Island (Canada) + 3 diagramsAdditional material on paralava compositions Chapter 4 Additional pyrometamorphic examples of marl rocks from Israel + 3 diagramsAdditional information on paralava compositions + 2 diagramsExample of lightning strike pyrometamorphism of carbonate rock Chapter 5 Additional example of pyrometamorphic recrystallization of basalt xenoliths + 1 diagram Additional example of lightning strike fusion of basaltic rock Chapter 6 Additional examples of pyrometamorphic minerals in carbonate mudstone bricks/kiln artifactsNew section on biomass pyrometamorphism: "tree stones" and slag/clinker as a result of forest fires, burning dung heaps, plant waste, straw, gorse, etc., + 2-4 diagrams; industrial biomass incineration products, wood ash + 1 diagramAdditional examples of slag formation + 1 diagramAdditional example of artificial fulgurite from Portugal + 1 diagramExperimental fulgurite formation + 1 diagram Chapter 7 Additional photo of hornblende breakdownAdditional information on garnet breakdown + 2 diagramsAdditional information on staurolite breakdown + 1 diagram