Rule-Governed Behavior
Cognition, Contingencies, and Instructional Control
(Sprache: Englisch)
Animal learning and human learning traditions have been distinguishable within psychology since the start of the discipline and are to this day. The human learning wing was interested in the development of psychological functions in human organisms and...
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Klappentext zu „Rule-Governed Behavior “
Animal learning and human learning traditions have been distinguishable within psychology since the start of the discipline and are to this day. The human learning wing was interested in the development of psychological functions in human organisms and proceeded directly to their examination. The animal learning wing was not distinguished by a corresponding interest in animal behavior per se. Rather, the animal learners studied animal behavior in order to identify principles of behavior of relevance to humans as well as other organisms. The two traditions, in other words, did not differ so much on goals as on strategies. It is not by accident that so many techniques of modem applied psychol ogy have emerged from the animal laboratory. That was one of the ultimate purposes of this work from the very beginning. The envisioned extension to humans was not just technological, however. Many animal researchers, B. F. Skinner most prominently among them, recognized that direct basic research with humans might ultimately be needed in certain areas but that it was wise first to build a strong foundation in the controlled environment of the animal laboratory. In a sense, animal learning was always in part a human research program in development.
Inhaltsverzeichnis zu „Rule-Governed Behavior “
I. The Nature and Place of Behavioral Analyses of Rule-Governed Behavior.- 1. Rules and Rule-Governance: Cognitive and Behavioristic Views.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Why Study Rules?.- 3. The Information-Processing Approach to Rules.- 3.1. Essence of the Approach.- 3.2. "Levels" of Cognitive Models.- 3.3. Productions and Production Systems.- 3.4. Evaluation of Cognitive Theories.- 4. Meanings of "Rule".- 4.1. Forms of Rules.- 4.2. Knowing Rules.- 5. Rules as Causes.- 5.1. Why Obey Rules?.- 5.2. What Is Controlled?.- 5.3. Are Rule-Governance and Contingency Shaping Different?.- 6. Inferring Rule Use.- 6.1. Inferences and Observations.- 6.2. Criteria for Inferring Rule Use.- 6.3. Spontaneously Learned Rules.- 7. Summary.- 8. References.- 2. The Behavior of the Listener.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Verbal Operant.- 3. Effects on the Listener.- 3.1. The Listener Is Told.- 3.2. The Listener Is Taught.- 3.3. The Listener Is Advised.- 3.4. The Listener Is Rule-Directed.- 3.5. The Listener Is Law Governed.- 3.6. The Listener Is Governed by the Laws of Science.- 3.7. The Listener as Reader.- 3.8. The Listener Agrees.- 3.9. The Listener and Speaker Think.- 4. References.- 3. Rule-Governed Behavior in Behavior Analysis: A Theoretical and Experimental History.- 1. Introduction.- 2. A Theoretical History of Rule-Governed Behavior.- 2.1. Rule-Governed Behavior: Its Roots in the Analysis of Verbal Behavior.- 2.2. Rule-Governed Behavior: An Elaboration of Its Practical Significance.- 2.3. Rule-Governed Behavior: A Further Elaboration in Light of the Emerging Psychology of Cognition.- 3. An Experimental History of Rule-Governed Behavior.- 3.1. Rule-Governed Behavior: Schedule-Sensitivity Research.- 3.2. Rule-Governed Behavior: Developmental Research.- 3.3. Rule-Governed Behavior: Stimulus-Equivalence Research.- 4. Conclusion.- 5. References.- 4. An Experimental Analysis of Rule-Governed Behavior.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Contingencies and Rules.- 2.1. Descriptions of Performances and of
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Contingencies.- 3. Experiment 1: Sampling Performance Hypotheses.- 3.1. Method.- 3.2. Results.- 3.3. Discussion.- 4. Experiment 2: Instructing Accurate Performance Hypotheses.- 4.1. Method.- 4.2. Results.- 4.3. Discussion.- 5. Experiment 3: Instructing Inaccurate Performance Hypotheses.- 5.1. Method.- 5.2. Results.- 5.3. Discussion.- 6. Experiment 4: Instructing Schedule Discriminations.- 6.1. Method.- 6.2. Results.- 6.3. Discussion.- 7. Experiment 5: Assessing Sensitivity to Contingencies.- 7.1. Method.- 7.2. Results.- 8. General Discussion.- 9. References.- II. The New Directions in the Analysis of Rule-Governed Behavior.- 5. The Verbal Action of the Listener as a Basis for Rule-Governance.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Experimental Problems Caused by the Deemphasis of the Listener.- 2.1. Is the Analysis of the Listener More Difficult?.- 3. The Listener at the Back Door.- 4. What Is a Verbal Stimulus?.- 4.1. Verbal Stimuli as Products of Verbal Behavior.- 4.2. Verbal Stimulus Functions.- 4.3. Explanations for Stimulus Equivalence.- 4.4. A Relational Account of Verbal Stimulation.- 5. Meaning and Rule-Governance.- 5.1. Speaking with Meaning.- 5.2. Listening with Understanding.- 5.3. Understanding a Rule.- 5.4. Following a Rule.- 6. Verbal Behavior.- 6.1. Why Would Verbal Stimulation Make a Difference?.- 7. Conclusion.- 8. References.- 6. Rule-Following.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Impact of Rule-Following on Other Psychological Processes.- 2.1. The Early Period.- 2.2. The Period of Stagnation.- 2.3. The Modern Era of Human Operant Research.- 2.4. Theoretical Analysis of Verbal Control.- 3. Understanding.- 3.1. How Can We Assess Understanding?.- 4. Rule-Following.- 4.1. Functional Units of Rule-Following.- 4.2. Rules as Rules for the Listener.- 4.3. Evidence for the Pliance-Tracking Distinction.- 5. Dangers Ahead in the Analysis of Rule-Governed Behavior.- 5.1. Insensitivity.- 5.2. Object-Oriented Accounts.- 6. Future Directions.- 7. Conclusion.- 8. References.- 7. Correlated
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Autoren-Porträt
Steven C. Hayes is a former president of the Association for Advancement of Behavior Therapy and a Foundation Professor of Psychology at the University of Nevada, Reno.
Bibliographische Angaben
- 2012, 1989, 412 Seiten, Maße: 15,2 x 23,1 cm, Kartoniert (TB), Englisch
- Herausgegeben: Steven C. Hayes
- Verlag: Springer, Berlin
- ISBN-10: 1475704496
- ISBN-13: 9781475704495
Sprache:
Englisch
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