Spot Pricing of Electricity
(Sprache: Englisch)
There is a need for fundamental changes in the ways society views electric energy. Electric energy must be treated as a commodity which can be bought, sold, and traded, taking into account its time-and space-varying values and costs. This book presents a...
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Klappentext zu „Spot Pricing of Electricity “
There is a need for fundamental changes in the ways society views electric energy. Electric energy must be treated as a commodity which can be bought, sold, and traded, taking into account its time-and space-varying values and costs. This book presents a complete framework for the establishment of such an energy marketplace. The framework is based on the use of spot prices. In general terms: o An hourly spot price (in dollars per kilowatt hour) reflects the operating and capital costs of generating, transmitting and distributing electric energy. It varies each hour and from place to place. o The spot price based energy marketplace involves a variety of utility-customer transactions (ranging from hourly varying prices to long-term, multiple-year contracts), all of which are based in a consistent manner on hourly spot prices. These transactions may include customers selling to, as well as buying from, the utility. The basic theory and practical implementation issues associated witha spot price based energy marketplace have been developed and discussed through a number of different reports, theses, and papers. Each addresses only a part of the total picture, and often with a somewhat different notation and terminology (which has evolved in parallel with our growing experience). This book was xvii xviii Preface written to serve as a single, integrated sourcebook on the theory and imple mentation of a spot price based energy marketplace.
Inhaltsverzeichnis zu „Spot Pricing of Electricity “
1 Overview.- 1.1 Goal of Book.- 1.2 Three Steps to an Energy Marketplace.- 1.3 How Will Customers Respond?.- 1.4 Energy Marketplace Operation: A Developed Country.- 1.5 Energy Marketplace Operation: A Developing Country.- 1.6 Discussion of Chapter 1.- Supplement to Chapter 1: Summary of Issues.- Historical Notes and References: Chapter 1.- Notes.- I: The Energy Marketplace.- Preface to Part I: The Energy Marketplace.- 2 Behavior of Hourly Spot Prices.- 2.1 Definition of Hourly Spot Price.- 2.2 Components of Hourly Spot Prices.- 2.3 Operating Cost Components.- 2.4 Quality of Supply Components.- 2.5 Aggregated Network.- 2.6 Revenue Reconciliation Components.- 2.7 Buy-Back Rates.- 2.8 Expected Price Trajectories.- 2.9 Price Duration Curves.- 2.10 Customer Response.- 2.11 Discusion of Chapter 2.- Historical Notes and References: Chapter 2.- Notes.- 3 Energy Marketplace Transactions.- 3.1 Criteria for Choice of Transactions.- 3.2 Customer Classes.- 3.3 Price-Only Transactions.- 3.4 Price-Quantity Transactions.- 3.5 Long-Term Contracts.- 3.6 Optional and Custom-Tailored Transactions.- 3.7 Why No Demand Charge?.- 3.8 Relationship to Present-Day Transactions.- 3.9 Customer-Owned Generation: Avoided Costs.- 3.10 Special Customer Treatment.- 3.11 Wheeling Rates.- 3.12 Discussion of Chapter 3.- Historical Notes and References: Chapter 3.- Notes.- 4 Implementation.- 4.1 Energy Marketplace: Operation.- 4.2 Energy Marketplace: Planning.- 4.3 Customer: Operation.- 4.4 Customer: Planning.- 4.5 Calculation of Hourly Spot Prices.- 4.6 Utility: Operation.- 4.7 Utility: Planning.- 4.8 Regulatory Commission: Operation and Planning.- 4.9 Discussion of Chapter 4.- Historical Notes and References: Chapter 4.- Notes.- 5 A Possible Future: Deregulation.- 5.1 A Deregulated Energy Marketplace.- 5.2 Short-Term Operation and Control.- 5.3 Long-Term Operation and Planning.- 5.4 A Scenario.- 5.5 Discussion of Chapter 5.- Historical Notes and References: Chapter 5.- Notes.- II: Theory of Hourly
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Spot Prices.- 6 Generation Only.- 6.1 Generation Fuel and Variable Maintenace: ?(t).- 6.2 Generation Quality of Supply, ?QS(t): Cost Function Approach.- 6.3 Generation Quality of Supply, ?QS(t): Market Clearing Approach.- 6.4 Generation Self-Dispatch.- 6.5 Multiple Time Periods.- 6.6 Discussion of Chapter 6.- Historical Notes and References: Chapter 6.- Notes.- 7 Generation and Network.- 7.1 Problem Formulation: Real Power Only.- 7.2 General Result.- 7.3 Network Loss: ?L,k(t).- 7.4 Network Maintenance: ?M,k(t).- 7.5 Network Quality of Supply: ?QS,k(t).- 7.6 Two-Bus Example.- 7.7 Price Difference Across a Line.- 7.8 Customer-Owned Generation: Self-Dispatch.- 7.9 Aggregated Networks.- 7.10 Reactive Energy and Voltage Magnitudes.- 7.11 Discussion of Chapter 7.- Historical Notes and References: Chapter 7.- Notes.- 8 Revenue Reconciliation.- 8.1 Modify Spot Prices: Aggregate Reconciliation.- 8.2 Buy-Back Rate.- 8.3 Surcharge-Refund.- 8.4 Revolving Fund.- 8.5 Modify Spot Prices: Decomposed Reconciliation.- 8.6 Fixed Charges.- 8.7 Nonlinear Pricing.- 8.8 Revenue Neutrality.- 8.9 Discussion of Chapter 8.- Historical Notes and References: Chapter 8.- Notes.- 9 Spot Price Based Rates.- 9.1 Predetermined Price-Only Transactions.- 9.2 Price-Quantity Transactions.- 9.3 Long-Term Contracts.- 9.4 Special Customer Contracts.- 9.5 Wheeling Rates.- 9.6 Discussion of Chapter 9.- Historical Notes and References: Chapter 9.- Notes.- 10 Optimal Investment Conditions.- 10.1 Overall Problem Formulation.- 10.2 Generator Investment Conditions.- 10.3 Customer Investment Conditions.- 10.4 Transmission Investment Conditions.- 10.5 Revenue Reconciliation for Optimum Systems.- 10.6 Long-Run Versus Short-Run Marginal Cost Pricing.- 10.7 Discussion of Chapter 10.- Historical Notes and References: Chapter 10.- Notes.- References.- Annotated Bibliography.- Appendices.- A Power System Analysis and Control.- A.1 Network Flows.- A.2 Local Controllers.- A.3 Mathematical Models for System Dynamics.- A.4 Power System Dynamics.- Further Reading.- Notes.- B Power System Operation.- B.1 Short-Term Load Forecasting.- B.2 System Economics.- B.3 System Security.- B.4 Automatic Generation Control (AGC).- B.5 Interconnected Systems.- Further Reading.- Notes.- C Power System Planning.- C.1 Multiple Attribute Decision Making Under Uncertainty.- C.2 Long Range Load Forecasting Models.- C.3 Production Cost Models.- C.4 Financial Models.- C.5 Generation Expansion Programs.- C.6 Network Expansion Programs.- C.7 Feedback Couplings.- Further Reading.- Notes.- D DC Load Flow.- D.1 General Relationships.- D.2 A Potpourri of Results.- D.3 Three-Bus Example.- Notes.- E Customer Response Model Structures.- E.1 Single Period.- E.2 Multiple Period.- Notes.- F FAPER.- F.1 Basic Concepts.- F.2 FAPER Designs.- F.3 Variations on the Basic Concept.- F.4 Analysis of Multiple FAPER Response.- F.5 Incentives to Install FAPERS.- F.6 Discussion.- G Expected Behavior of Spot Prices.- G.1 Introduction.- G.2 24-Hour Trajectories.- G.3 Price Duration Curves.- G.4 Impact of Customer Response on Variable Energy Costs.- H Interchange of Derivative and Expectation Operators.
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Bibliographische Angaben
- Autoren: Fred C. Schweppe , Michael C. Caramanis , Richard D. Tabors
- 1988, 1988, 356 Seiten, Maße: 16 x 24,1 cm, Gebunden, Englisch
- Verlag: Springer
- ISBN-10: 0898382602
- ISBN-13: 9780898382600
- Erscheinungsdatum: 30.11.1988
Sprache:
Englisch
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