Statistics for the Health Sciences

GROUPS
Overview
Introduction
Conceptual Description of the t-Tests
Generalising to the Population
Independent Groups t-Test in SPSS
Cohen's d
Paired t-Test in SPSS
Two-Sample z-Test
Non-Parametric Tests
Mann-Whitney: for Independent Groups
Mann-Whitney Test in SPSS
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test: For Repeated Measures
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test in SPSS
Adjusting for Multiple Tests
Summary
Multiple Choice Questions
PART EIGHT: DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THREE OR MORE CONDITIONS
Overview
Introduction
Conceptual Description of the (Parametric) ANOVA
One-Way ANOVA
One-way ANOVA in SPSS
ANOVA Models for Repeated-Measures Designs
Repeated Measures ANOVA in SPSS
Non-parametric Equivalents
The Kruskal-Wallis Test
Kruskal-Wallis and the Median Test in SPSS
The Median Test
Friedman's ANOVA for Repeated Measures
Friedman's ANOVA in SPSS
Summary
Multiple Choice Questions
PART NINE: TESTING ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN CATEGORICAL VARIABLES
Overview
Introduction
Rationale of Contingency Table Analysis
Running the Analysis in SPSS
Measuring Effect Size in Contingency Table Analysis
Larger Contingency Tables
Contingency Table Analysis Assumptions
The X2 Goodness of Fit Test
Running the X2 Goodness of Fit Test Using SPSS
Summary
Multiple Choice Questions
PART TEN: MEASURING AGREEMENT: CORRELATIONAL TECHNIQUES
Overview
Introduction
Bivariate Relationships
Perfect Correlations
Calculating the Correlation Pearson's R Using SPSS.
How to obtain Scatterplots
Variance Explanation of R
Obtaining Correlational Analysis in SPSS: Exercise
Partial Correlations
Shared and Unique Variance: Conceptual Understanding Relating to Partial Corrections
Spearman's Rho
Other uses for Correlational Techniques
Reliability of Measures
Internal Consistency
Inter Rater Reliability
Validity
Percentage Agreement
Cohen's Kappa
Summary
Multiple Choice Questions
PART 11: LINEAR REGRESSION
Overview
Introduction
Linear Regression in SPSS
Obtaining teh Scatterplot with Regression Line and Confidence Intervals in SPSS
Assumptions Underlying Linear Regression
Dealing with Outliers
What happens if the Correlation Between X and Y is Near Zero?
Using Regression to Predict Missing Data in SPSS
Prediction of Missing Scores on Cognitive Failures in SPSS
Summary
Multiple-Choice Questions
PART TWELVE: STANDARD MULTIPLE REGRESSION
Overview
Introduction
Multiple Regression in SPSS
Variables in the Equation
The Regression Equation
Predicting an Individual's Score
Hypothesis Testing
Other Types of Multiple Regression
Hierarchical Multiple Regression
Summary
Multiple Choice Questions
PART THIRTEEN: LOGISTIC REGRESSION
Overview
Introduction
The Conceptual Basis of Logistic Regression
Writing up the Result
Logistic Regression with Multiple Predictor Variables
Logistic Regression with Categorical Predictors
Categorical Predictors with Three or More Levels
Summary
Multiple Choice Questions
Interventions and Analysis of Change
Overview
Interventions
How do we Know Whether Interventions are Effective?
Randomised Control Trials (RCTs)
Designing an RCT: CONSORT
The CONSORT Flow Chart
Important Features of an RCT
Blinding
Analysis of RCTs
Running an ANCOVA in SPSS
McNemar's Test of Change
Running McNemar's Test in SPSS
The Sign Test
Running the Sign Test using SPSS
Intention to Treat Analysis
Crossover Designs
Single Case Designs (N= 1)
Generating Single Case Design Graphs Using SPSS
Summary
SPSS Exercise
Multiple Choice Questions
PART FIFTEEN: SURVIVAL ANALYSIS: AN INTRODUCTION
Overview
Introduction
Survival Curves
The Kaplan-Meier Survival Function
Kaplan-Meier Survival Analyses in SPSS
Comparing Two Survival Curves - the Mantel-Cox test
Mantel-Cox using SPSS
Hazard
Hazard Curves
Hazard Functions in SPSS
Writing up a Survival Analysis
Summary
SPSS Exercise
Multiple Choice Questions