Transmitter Molecules in the Brain

I: Biochemistry of Transmitter Molecules.- Introduction: Role of Chemical Neurotransmission in Brain Function.- References.- Classical Transmitters and Neuromodulators.- Process of Synaptic Transmission.- Classification of Synaptic Messengers.- Dale's Principle.- Definitions.- Classical Neurotransmitters.- Acetylcholine.- Amino Acids.- Monoamines.- Non-classical Transmitters.- Neuromodulators.- Characteristics of Neuromodulators.- Presynaptic Modulation.- Postsynaptic Modulation.- Conclusions.- References.- Neuropeptides.- Differences Between Peptidergic Neurones and Those Containing Classical Neurotransmitters.- One Neuropeptide Gene: Multiple Products.- Opioid Peptides.- Distribution and Functions of Neuropeptides.- Coexistence of Peptides and Classical Neurotransmitters.- Conclusions.- References.- Methods in the Mapping of Neurotransmitter Systems in the Brain.- Techniques Depending on Degeneration.- Studies Which Illustrate Complete Neurones.- Methods Which Depend on Axonal Transport.- Multiple Outputs from One Site.- Chemical Specification of Neurons.- Neurotoxins.- Immunohistochemistry.- Anterograde Tracing.- Regional Energy Metabolism.- References.- II: Function and Dysfunction.- Molecular Aspects of Central Neurotransmitter Function.- Approaches to the Study of Central Neurotransmitter Action.- Mechanisms of Neurotransmitter Action.- References.- Clinical Relevance.- The Functional Psychoses.- Degenerative Disorders and Dementia.- Conclusions.- References.- Normal and Disordered Central Neurotransmitter Function Studied through the Neuroendocrine Window of the Brain.- Basic Studies.- Clinical Studies.- Summary and Conclusions.- References.- Problems and Prospects.- Errors and Deficiencies in Concepts.- Errors in Techniques and Interpretation of Data.- Prospects.- References.

George Fink is a Neuroendocrinologist and Neuropharmacologist who has had a major interest in stress since the start of his career. He was recently appointed Vice President and Director of Research of the Pharmos Corporation in Israel and the United States, and is the former Director of the Medical Research Council's Brain Metabolism Unit and honorary professor in the University of Edinburgh in Scotland. Dr. Fink has published over 340 neuroendocrine papers and several authoritative books, and is past president of the European Neuroendocrine Association.