Polymers and Patents

PREFACE INTRODUCTION THE INVENTION First Observations 1950/1953 Standard Oil of India Philips Petroleum Company Du Pont Max-Planck-Institute, Mühlheim on the Ruhr K.Ziegler, H.Breil, E.Holzkamp and h.Martin Experiments between May and December, 1953 Experiments December 1953 to April 1954 Letter from Ziegler to his Patent Attorney von Kreisler Montecatini, Milano/G. Natta and Coworkers First Experiments with Ziegler-Catalysts Natta, Orsoni and DeVardaŽs Visit to Ziegler at Mühlheim on May 19,1954 K.Ziegler and Coworkers H.Martin-Experiments May-July 6, 1954, H.Breil - Masters Thesis H.Martin - July 1954: Polypropylene 1952 to 1954 Polypropylene (Review)

Appraising the Historical Course of the Invention from a Year 2000 Vantage Point THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CONNECTION Farbwerke Hoechst Petrochemicals Limited Steinkohlenberbauverein (Hard Coal Mining Society) / Bergwerksverband (Mine Association)/ Ruhr Area Coal Industry The "Run" of Prospective U.S. Licensees Gulf Oil, Koppers, Dow, Union Carbide und Monsanto Esso, the Straggler Du Pont Mitsui Chemical, the First Japanese Licensee Summation Back to the Ruhr: Ruhrcoal and Bergwerksverband August through December 1954: Montecatini steps up its own developments The first Ziegler/Montecatini Pool-Agreements Polydiene Karl Ziegler and H.Martin/ Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung S.E. Horne/Goodrich Gulf Chemicals Inc.

Giulio Natta and Coworkers/Montecatini D.R.Smith and R.P. Zelinski/Phillips Petroleum Co PATENT RIGHTS WORLDWIDE, PATENT APPLICATIONS-PROSECUTION, OPOSITION, PRIORITIES The Package of the First Six German Patent Applications Foreign Patent Protection for the Inventions of Ziegler and Coworkers The Situation in the United States Polypropylene: Ziegler/Natta, Conflict as to the Priority Contentions Proceedings Montecatini Du Pont Compromise and Concessions Du Pont Sought Further Advantages The History of Patent Issuance from a Year 2000 Vantage Point INNOVATION, MARKET DEVELOPMENT, PRODUCTION The

Heinz Martin has been a close colleague of Prof. Ziegler at the Max-Planck-Institute of Carbon Research in Mühlheim/Ruhr (Germany) and played an important key role in the invention of ZieglerŽs Polyolefine catalysts in 1953/54. In 1970 he became Co-director of the Studien- und Verwertungs GmbH (founded in 1925), which became the Studiengesellschaft Kohle GmbH in 1955, a trustee of the MPI in Mühlheim, with H. Martin as director.

"The text is set out in five chapters and includes several hundred references, so is very comprehensive.... This volume has something for the historian of the modern chemical industry, and also for the specialist interested on how the patent system works." ( Materials World , February 2009)
"The book offers eloquent testimony of how difficult and costly it is to convert research results into commercial success stories." ( RFP , 1/2008)